Carbon budgets

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Historic anthropogenic CO₂ emission and cumulative CO₂ emissions (1850–2019) as well as remaining carbon budgets for limiting warming to 1.5°C (>67%) and 2°C (>67%)

Source: IPCC (2022) AR6 WGIII TS, Figure TS.3

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Estimates of historical carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and remaining carbon budgets.

Source: IPCC (2021) AR6 WGI SPM, Table SPM.2

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Total anthropogenic direct and indirect GHG emissions for the year 2019 (in GtCO₂-eq) by sector and subsector

Source: IPCC (2022) AR6 WGIII Chapter 2, Figure 2.12

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Cumulative past, projected, and committed emissions, and associated global temperature changes

Source: IPCC (2023) AR6 Synthesis Report Figure 3.5

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Aggregate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of global mitigation pathways (coloured funnels and bars) and projected emission outcomes from current policies and emissions implied by unconditional and conditional elements of NDCs, based on updates available by 11 October 2021 (grey bars)

Source: IPCC (2022) AR6 WGIII TS, Figure TS.9

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Global emissions projections to 2035 and emissions gaps to Paris target

Climate Action Tracker (2025). 2035 Emissions Gap: CAT projections and resulting emissions gap in meeting the 1.5°C Paris Agreement goal. November 2025. Source: https://climateactiontracker.org/global/emissions-gaps/

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Climate Action Tracker evaluations of national net zero target designs

Climate Action Tracker (Oct. 2025). CAT net zero target designs – mostly inadequate. Source: https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-net-zero-target-evaluations/

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Rating the comprehensiveness of national net zero target design

Climate Action Tracker (Oct. 2025). Table 1. Overview of Climate Action Tracker’s net zero target evaluations for G20 member countries (excluding France and Italy as both not separately analysed by the CAT) and selected other countries per key elements as of October 2025. Source: https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-net-zero-target-evaluations/

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The role of CO₂ in driving future climate change in comparison to other greenhouse gases (GHGs)

Source: IPCC (2021) AR6 WGI Chapter 1, Figure 1.29

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Total annual anthropogenic GHG emissions by major economic sector and their underlying trends by region

Source: IPCC (2022) AR6 WGIII Chapter 2, Figure 2.13, pg. 238

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Change in regional GHGs from multiple perspectives and their underlying drivers

Source: IPCC (2022) AR6 WGIII Chapter 2, Figure 2.9, pg. 234

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The global carbon cycle

Source: Friedlingstein et al (2025) Global Carbon Budget 2024, Figure 2

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Global carbon (CO₂) budget (2010–2019)

Source: IPCC (2021) AR6 WGI Chapter 5, Figure 5.12

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Global methane (CH₄) budget (2008–2017)

Source: IPCC AR6 WGI Chapter 5, Figure 5.14

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Global nitrous oxide (N₂O) budget (2007–2016)

Source: IPCC (2021) AR6 WGI Chapter 5, Figure 5.17

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Sustainable development pathways towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals

Source: IPCC (2022) AR6 WGIII TS, Figure TS.1, pg.56

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Featured image: background by Arthur Yao on Unsplash, foreground IPCC AR6 WGIII TS Figure TS.3b

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